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The Fatherland and Liberty Nationalist Front (Spanish: ''Frente Nacionalista Patria y Libertad'' or simply ''Patria y Libertad'', PyL) was a nationalist and authoritarian political and paramilitary group 〔BLUM, Williams. ''Killing Hope: U. S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II - Part I'', Londres: Zed Books, 2003, p. 213. ISBN 1-84277-369-0〕 denounced by their opponents as being fascist and a front for Central Intelligence Agency activities in Chile.〔 The group was formed by Pablo Rodríguez Grez in 1970, and turned more and more clandestine throughout the presidency of Salvador Allende. It was officially disbanded on September 12, 1973, following Pinochet's coup. In June 1973, the group attempted to carry out a coup against the Allende government but failed, in an event known as the Tanquetazo. In July 1973, it received orders from the Chilean Navy, which opposed the Schneider Doctrine of military adherence to the constitution, to sabotage Chile's infrastructure. The collaboration between Fatherland and Liberty and the Chilean Armed Forces increased after the failed October 1972 strike which had sought to overthrow the Allende administration. In agreement with the sectors opposing Allende in the military, the group assassinated on 26 July 1973 Allende's naval aide, Arturo Araya Peeters.〔(¿Quién mató al comandante Araya? ), ''La Nación'', 20 March 2005 〕 The first sabotage was committed this same day. Others include creating a power outage while Allende was being broadcast.〔(Confesiones de un ex Patria y Libertad ), ''TVN'', 12 February 2006 〕 Members of PyL were then recruited by Chilean security services and participated in the persecution of those opposed to Pinochet's junta. Since the transition to democracy, some small groups have since claimed to be its successor, but are not officially linked to the original PyL. == Creation of the group == Headed by Pablo Rodríguez Grez, the group was spawned in the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. It formally organized itself in 1970, a short time after the election of Salvador Allende. ''Patria y Libertad'' gathered mainly upper and middle-class students who, united by common anti-Communist beliefs and anti-parliamentarism, engaged in street brawls against leftist opponents, armed with nunchakus and molotov cocktails.〔( USA en Chile: La CIA y La ONI, financista del grupo terrorista Patria y Libertad. - 2/07/03 (Chile) ), ''Pagina Digital'', 2 July 2003 〕 ''Patria y Libertad'' criticized the division of Chile among various political parties, and hoped for the appearance of a "''caudillo''" which would transcend political divisions and become the "incarnation of the national sentiment".〔Kramer, Andrés M., ''Chile. Historia de una experiencia socialista''. Península. Barcelona, 1974. pp. 177-184〕 Along with the youth movement of the Christian Democracy and of the National Party, they participated in demonstrations against the Allende administration.〔(Les manifestations de rue à Santiago du Chili (1970-1973) ) (Street demonstrations in Santiago de Chile, 1970-73), University of Paris I: Panthéon-Sorbonne, 7 April 2002 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fatherland and Liberty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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